Screening for hepatitis C virus in three hospitals in Cundinamarca, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52784/27112330.130Keywords:
screening, hepatitis C, rapid test, viral antibodies, risk factors.Abstract
Introduction. Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a worldwide public health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 70 to 100 million people are infected. Most of them, throughout the world, have not been diagnosed and remain untreated. Objective. To determine the prevalence of antibodies against HCV in patients with risk factors for infection, in three hospitals in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, by means of the rapid SD Bioline test in capillary blood, and the confirmation of infection by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Methodology. Adult patients treated in the outpatient services of the La Mesa, Ubaté and Zipaquirá hospitals. Risk factors for hepatitis C were defined as: transfusion history before 1996, major surgeries (chest, abdomen, orthopedic), tattoos, and piercing. The commercial SD Bioline HCV kit (Standard Diagnostics, INC. Korea) was used as the rapid test. This kit contains a membrane coated with recombinant HCV antigens (core, NS3, NS4, NS5). Results. Between January and October 2018, 1,856 patients were screened, 1,531 women (82%) and 325 (18%) men, with an average age of 45 years and an age range of 18 to 89 years. The main risk factors identified were a history of surgery and transfusions before 1996. Two positive female patients were detected, older than 50 years, and as a risk factor, having undergone major surgery and a history of transfusion before 1996, confirmed by the RT-PCR assay, which gives a global prevalence of infection of 0.1%, but of 0.05% in people with surgery history, 0.25% among those over 50 years of age, and 0.6% in patients with a transfusion history before 1996. Conclusions. This study, carried out in a population selected for associated risk factors, showed an overall prevalence of HCV infection of 0.1%. Our results suggest that screening with a rapid test in a selected population with risk factors should be directed at people over 50 years of age with a history of transfusion and major surgery.
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